Chinese artist Ai Weiwei uses Clubhouse to pay tribute to young earthquake victims
Screenshot from Ai Weiwei's YouTube video channel from his documentary “深表遗憾” [So sorry] about the May 12, 2008 Sichuan earthquake.
Meanwhile, the Chinese government continues to censor the role of corrupt local authorities who skirted laws on school construction safety, leading to the deaths of 5,000 school children.
Sichuan is one of the most populated provinces of China, prone to earthquakes because of its location on the Longmenshan Fault line. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake that caused the death of between 250 to 700,000 victims, depending on estimates, lives in the collective memory of locals. When a 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit the Chinese southwestern province of Sichuan on May 12, 2008, the whole country froze. The initial sense of alarm was rapidly confirmed: an estimated 70,000 people died, mostly in Wenchuan, the epicenter of the earthquake in the center of Sichuan.
For the Chinese government, the disaster hit at a particularly sensitive time: three months before the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The international event was cause for unprecedented national pride, as it was the first time China had ever been awarded the games. The country was in a festive mood, and under increased international media coverage.
So the government wanted to act swiftly to show nothing could deter it from hosting the games, and that it could cope with the security of large crowds. The authorities concentrated their efforts in providing rescue and humanitarian aid.
One fact emerged rapidly: an unusually high number of victims were students, in a country that still applied at the time a strict one-child policy. Given the local time of the earthquake around 2:30 p.m., many children were in school and died crushed under collapsing roofs. The phenomenon even got its own name, 豆腐渣校舍, or tofu schools, in reference to their rapid collapse in comparison to other nearby buildings. Chinese officials admitted “substandard building materials” played a role in the devastation.
The authorities, hoping to avoid a scandal just before the Olympics, were quick to cover up that particular aspect of the disaster, despite efforts by investigative journalists and family members of the victims to demand explanations. The government only started to admit possible failures in safety standards after the 2008 Olympics were over. Yet, the families demanding a full investigation on the case were still harassed by the police five years after the fact and the government refuses to this day to admit full responsibility.
Digging the truth about the real number of school victims
Back in May 2008, Chinese artist Ai Weiwei immediately joined the group of daring voices requesting full transparency, as he recalls in this interview with Global Voices:
地震刚发生不久我就去了汶川，去了那里的目的是为了感受一下，这么大的一个地震是什么样子，因为我当时已经失语了，我找不到词汇去谈论我内心的感受，所以我觉得我还是需要去一下。我当然去了很多的学校，校址，看到了那些废墟。
这个5.12对我来说是一个很重大的问题，是我在人生当中第一次碰到一个这么大的一个事件，我卷入到这个事件当中，因为当时确实有点失望。我必须去四川做死亡学生的调查，因为我们都知道政府一直是含含糊糊的，说是要调查，温家宝多次说我们要调查学校的腐败工程，但是从来没有做过。
I went to Wenchuan shortly after the earthquake. My goal was to experience an earthquake of such proportions, because I was left speechless, and couldn’t find the words to describe my inner emotions, thus I needed to go. Of course I went to many school sites and saw the ruins.
The Wenchuan earthquake is very important for me: it was the first time in my life that I encountered such a big disaster. I became involved because I felt somehow desperate at that time. I had to go to Sichuan to investigate the number of dead school students, because we all know that the government has always been vague, when it said it wanted to investigate the situation. Wen Jiabao [China’s head of government from 2003 to 2013] has repeatedly said that we want to investigate corruption projects in schools, but it was never done.
In the face of the government's censorship, Ai launched a project called Citizen Survey that sent over 40 groups of people to Wenchuan. Despite being arrested by the police dozens of times, and being forcefully sent back to Beijing, the groups compiled a list of 5,197 names. All of this research, as well as three documentary movies, and interviews with family of victims, are available on a website 5122018.com that is blocked inside China.
The list of all the children who died while inside schools, which was compiled by this team, was completed thanks to painstaking interviews with families and under a ban from the government to establish any independent investigation. A full list of names was printed and glued to the walls of Ai's Beijing studio in 2013, with a recording of the names read, as can be seen and heard in this video:
In 2013, Ai Weiwei also created an audio art project, called 喊 [To shout or to cry] in which he shouts more than 2,000 names of that list until he became hoarse and had to stop, as can be heard in this recording:
A voice memorial on Club House
Due to permanent attacks and harassment by the Chinese authorities, and a 81-day long detention in a secret prison in 2011, Ai Weiwei left China in 2015, but continues to rise as a global artist and activist highlighting sensitive issues around China's human rights record, the failure of the West in the face of migrants, the COVID-19 pandemic.
One of his new platforms is the audio-only social media platform Clubhouse that gained huge popularity in February 2021 after Elon Musk used it for a press conference. The platform allows users to host discussions on any topic for up to 5,000 people, so the Chinese authorities censored it in February after it was used to discuss issues around Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong. Yet technology-savvy residents of mainland China still manage to access it via VPN (Virtual Private Networks).
As Ai Weiwei explains, this means Chinese-speaking rooms on Clubhouse are a unique and uncensored space where Chinese people from Taiwan, China, Singapore, the U.S., Australia, Japan, and Hong Kong can meet and talk. This gave him the idea to give a new life to his project 念 [to read aloud, or to miss someone] of reading the names of the child victims, but in a new format. As he told Global Voices:
我在想怎么能够利用这个平台做一个艺术项目，因为我个人是做艺术的。我们就和几个朋友说我们做一个项目, 做这个项目实际上说起来简单，就是“念”吗。他利用了这些在海外的华人，在三个地区，欧洲地区，北京和澳洲是一个地区，美国东部地区。这三个地区呢刚好我们能在24个小时之内覆盖这个8个小时。但实际上呢，是很难，因为你做为CH的管理人，一个人在上面呢是有危险的，如果你掉了线这个房间就关掉了，所以呢，需要保持两个人在上面。
实际上这个项目的性质呢，是：大型的，公共参与的行为艺术，那么他的主题呢，是纪念5，12地震遇难的学生。这个概念很简单，但是，把他付出与实践，就是让他真正能够act, 这个并不是很简单，实际上从哲学意义上来说，说和行是两件不同的事，中国人说：听其言，观其行。那么我觉得中国人也把言行放在一起。就是英文的说：talk the talk, walk the walk, 所以我们说我们来试一下。
I was thinking on how to use this platform for an artistic project, since I am an artist. So with a few friends, we decided to do one, and simply to call it “read aloud”. The project overseas Chinese from three regions: Europe, Beijing and Australia, and the East coast of the US. With those three regions, we can have a 24h coverage. But this is quite difficult in fact, because as a room moderator, if you lose contact [in case of an external phone call, for example], there is a risk and the room shuts down, so you need two people as moderators.
In fact, the nature of this project is to be large-scale, participatory form of behavioral art. Its mission is to commemorate the students who died in the May 12 earthquake. The idea of commemoration looks simple, but the only way to put that into practice is to act it out. And that is not so simple. In fact, speaking and acting are two different things, from a philosophical perspective. The Chinese have a proverb: 听其言，观其行, which means “Do listen to words, but watch the deeds.” Well, I think Chinese people do align their words with their deeds, similar to the English expression: “Talk the talk. Walk the walk.” So we decided to give it a try.
As Ai remarks, in the beginning of this room, which started soon after Sweeping-Tomb day, a traditional Chinese festival held on the 15th day of the spring equinox when Chinese people pay visits to cemeteries, the virtual Clubhouse room had about 500 people. Yet recently, the number of participants has dwindled to as little as 12 people. Yet according to Ai, the numbers do not matter, what really counts is this:
我觉得对我们来说花这个时间非常重要。一个是，我们通过自己的行为来做自己心中觉得应该做的一件事。另外一个是：我们通过这样大型的社会活动，长时间的，39天的，可以看到今天世界对这样事情的一个态度和是否会参与。
I believe that the time we spend in the room is very important, because through this act, we are acting out of the belief present in our hearts and minds about what should be done. Besides, thanks to this large social movement that spreads over time, 39 days all in all, we can witness the world's attitude towards this issue and whether it is ready to take part in the commemoration or not.
Beyond the May 12 commemoration, Ai Weiwei is determined to challenge the political culture of secrecy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) by continuing his fight against the erasure and twisting of historical memory, whether it is about the June 1989 Tiananmen Massacre, the initial cover-up of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan in 2020, the situation of Uyghurs and Tibetans in China. As he concludes:
在建国以前，中共是一个地下党，他一直做的所有的工作是秘密的工作。那么这个党已经执政100年了，旦他的很多做法是地下党的做法，包括中国共产党的入党宣誓，他有9000万党员，他的宣誓的誓词，里面有一句叫做：保守党的秘密。我在想你都已经建国都快80年了，建党100年了，你还在保守党的什么秘密？为什么你要为党保密和为党牺牲一切？这个秘密党的方法是很有用的，很有效的，因为他要保证他的统治。
在中国， 你总是知道上面的人比你知道的多，更容易控制你，这是他和西方的最大的不同。那么西方呢，一直在说什么呢，标榜自己有言论自由，新闻自由，司法独立，实际上这个也不是真正的完全是这样。但是中国是要控制言论自由，新闻自由和司法独立，这些西方的价值观，我们绝对不会让这个事发生在中国，这是中共的优势。
Before the PRC [People's Republic of China] was established [in 1949], the CCP was an underground party. All the work it conducted was secretive. This party has been in power for 100 years, but its practices remain those of an underground party. This extends to the oath to become a party member, valid for its current 90 million members, which includes this sentence: ‘protect the party's secrets’. I mean, you have been in charge of this country for almost 80 years, your party is 100 years old, what kind of party secrets can there be left to protect? Why do you have to keep the party's secrets? This secrecy is very useful and effective because it is there to guarantee its rule.
In China, you are always aware that the people above you know more than you do. So it is very easy to control you. That's the main difference with the West. In the West, people boost about their freedom of expression, media freedom, the independence of the judiciary, yet in fact things are not entirely at they claim, yet China's goal is to control freedom of expression, media freedom, the independence of the judiciary. These are Western values that will not be allowed to develop, and that is the advantage the CCP has.
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